Forklift Hydraulic System

Forklift Hydraulic System

Let's Know Mechanism, Configuration, Advantages and Disadvantages.

Forklifts, which are widely used in factories and warehouses, are indispensable cargo-handling vehicles for carrying heavy loads.
The power source of a forklift is a hydraulic system.
How does the hydraulic system work?
If you want to know about the hydraulic system of a forklift, please check it out.
This section describes the configuration and advantages and disadvantages of the hydraulic system, and the types of forklift hydraulic pressure lift.

Table of Contents

1. Mechanism and configuration of hydraulic system
2. Advantages and disadvantages of hydraulic system
3. Forklift hydraulic system types
4. Summary

1. Mechanism and configuration of hydraulic system

This section explains the mechanism and configuration of the hydraulic system.
What kind of mechanism and structure does a forklift work with?

1-1. Mechanism of hydraulic system

Oil is indispensable for hydraulic systems.
When raising the fork, all of the front-back movement of the mast moves while pumping hydraulic fluid. The oil in the forklift is sent to the lift cinder, tilt cylinder, etc.
It is not just hydraulic fluid, but hydraulic fluid that is under pressure of 10 to 20 MPa.
Feeding will vary depending on the type of hydraulic system.
Generally, the mechanism of the hydraulic system is to send high-pressure hydraulic oil to the place you want to move with a hydraulic pump.
A lift / tilt can be performed by a control valve that can control the movement of various parts.
The hydraulic pump powers the cargo handling equipment.
It will be an essential part of delivering high-pressure hydraulic fluid.

1-2. "Hydraulic fluid" required for forklift movement

There are three conditions for "hydraulic oil" that pumps the hydraulic pump to move the forklift.
The hydraulic fluid for moving the forklift will not work unless the three conditions are met.
The conditions are as follows:

1. Difficult to foam
2. Hard to rust
3. Whether the viscosity is appropriate

If you do not have the above three characteristics, you cannot move the forklift.
Hydraulic pumps can also generate a lot of foam.
However, be aware that if bubbles tend to form easily, you may hear unpleasant sounds.
You should use a hydraulic oil that will not foam as much as possible.
Even on a rainy day, the forklift is moved indoors, but water droplets may enter when sending hydraulic fluid.
If water drops enter, there is a risk that rust may form on the part where the piston movement is repeated.
Rust will make it difficult to move.
Also, please note that if the viscosity is too high, malfunction may occur, and if it is too low, oil may leak.

1-3. Mechanism for moving a forklift

This section explains the mechanism for moving a forklift.
The mechanism for lifting luggage with a forklift is to pour it from the hydraulic pump into the lift cylinder.
The passage from the hydraulic tank to the center bypass must be closed in order to flow into the lift cinder.
On the contrary, when lowering, the hydraulic oil that was flowing to the lift cinder returns to the hydraulic oil tank.
Then the lift cylinder goes down. The details will depend on the type of hydraulic system.
Before you can handle a forklift, you need to know how it works and how it is configured.
With a good grasp, you will notice something wrong with the forklift.

2. Advantages and disadvantages of hydraulic system

2-1. Hydraulic system has 5 advantages in total

What are the advantages of hydraulic systems?
There are a total of five advantages of the hydraulic system.
The five strengths are:

• Pipe and hydraulic oil flow can be separated
• Prevents device destruction
• The magnitude, direction and speed of force can be changed
• Small and simple device
• Remote control and continuously variable transmission can be changed easily

The above five are the advantages of the hydraulic system.
The hydraulic system of a forklift will prevent the destruction of the system.
Another major advantage is that the flow of piping and hydraulic oil can be freely divided.
The amount of force, direction change, and speed can also be changed, so remote control is possible.
You will be able to do detailed work.

2-2. There are three disadvantages of hydraulic system

Although there are many advantages of hydraulic systems, there are some disadvantages, so let's grasp them firmly.
Knowing the disadvantages, you can use the hydraulic forklift efficiently.
There are three drawbacks to hydraulic systems.
Please check it out because it looks like this:

Plumbing is complicated

Mechanical efficiency depends on hydraulic oil temperature

Hydraulic oil is vulnerable to oil leaks and rust

These are the disadvantages of hydraulic systems.
The hydraulic system is troublesome because the piping and operation oil can flow freely, and the piping is complicated.
If you don't use the proper piping for your forklift, the disadvantages will come to the fore.
Another drawback is that the mechanical efficiency depends on the temperature of the hydraulic oil.
If you do not use the correct hydraulic fluid, your forklift may be defective.

3. Forklift hydraulic system types

3-1. Types of equipment using hydraulic pressure

There are different types of hydraulic systems for forklifts.
Mainly (hydraulic generator), (hydraulic extermination device) and (hydraulic control device) will be mentioned.
The hydraulic generator uses hydraulic pumps to pump hydraulic fluid to various parts.
There will be screw pumps, gear pumps, etc.
The hydraulic disinfection device can be either a hydraulic cylinder or a hydraulic motor.
Hydraulic cylinders may be single-acting, double-acting, special types, etc., and hydraulic motors may include gear motors.
There are various types of hydraulic control devices such as pressure control valves, flow control valves, and directional control valves.
Each type has different characteristics.

3-2. Control device equipped in forklift

Modern forklift hydraulics are equipped with controls for added safety.
What kind of control device is there?
For example, there is "mast forward tilt angle control" to prevent the mast from leaning too far forward.
It is an indispensable device to prevent the falling and collapse of luggage.
There are also (Fork automatic horizontal control) and (Key-off lift lock).
The fork automatic leveling control is a function to level the fork.
And, the key-off lift lock is a function to prevent the lift from descending when the key is not attached.
Various controls will play an important role in safely operating the hydraulic system.

4. Summary

I explained the mechanism and configuration of forklift hydraulic system, advantages and disadvantages, and types of hydraulic system. How was it?
If you are interested in hydraulic equipment as well as those who use forklifts, please check it out.

Understand how the hydraulic system works

"Hydraulic fluid" required for forklift movement

Mechanism to move forklift

Hydraulic system has 5 advantages in total

There are three disadvantages of hydraulic system

Types of equipment using hydraulic pressure

Control device equipped in forklift

Based on the above points, use a forklift efficiently.
To continue using a forklift truck for a long time, you need to know the mechanism and configuration of the hydraulic system.