Conductors and semiconductors

Conductors and Semiconductors

About conductors and semiconductors

Conductors are those that conduct electricity (copper), and nonconductors are those that do not conduct electricity (rubber). Semiconductors are those that conduct electricity under certain conditions but do not conduct electricity under other conditions (silicon). There are many exceptions due to the development of science and technology. It seems that there are semiconductor ceramics in the world. 

Atom:

This issue was being discussed among ancient Greek philosophers. There is a gold bar here. Let's cut this money in half. Furthermore, what happens if I repeat it in half, then in half, then in half, and so on?

 Will it be divided as far as it will go, or will it disappear? 

The idea of ​​atoms is born here while various proposals are circulating. When the gold bar is divided, it will eventually become something that cannot be divided. It must be so. Let's name it an atom.

Electrons and Nuclei:

We all have been educated to instill the idea of ​​nature and atom at the primary education or cultural level. It is an unquestionable common sense, and many people who are not good at science should think that it is such a thing. However, even if I went to high school, this explanation would be overly overturned. The atom that was supposed to be undivided was suddenly divided into a nucleus and an electron, how covalent bonds and ionic bonds were, and how electrons were transferred. If you divide it into nuclei and electrons, it is not something that cannot be divided! 

I think that the cry of the heart is brilliantly passed through, and I think that it is a great deal, but the nucleus is not divided any more, right? 

If you think about it, it's ridiculous, and when you go to university, you'll hear rumors that if you look at an atomic nucleus, there's a quark.

Semiconductor:

Now, although a little dissatisfied, the physics instructor has found that flowing electricity means moving free electrons. Copper and silver, which are conductors, are very easy to move free electrons, while rubber and ceramics are very hard to move free electrons. Therefore electricity does not flow. In this case, if there are conductors and non-conductors, I think that some substances will flow electricity under certain conditions (high temperature, etc.) even if electricity is not normally fed during that time. That is semiconductor. For example, in silicon, which is a typical semiconductor, free electrons are strongly bound to the atomic nucleus, so it does not easily carry electricity, but at high temperatures, it is released from the bound atomic nucleus and begins to move freely.

Conductor:

       Conducts electricity, has many electrons, and is easy to move. Aluminum, gold, copper, silver etc.

Non-conductor:

There are few free electrons that do not carry electricity and it is difficult for them to move. Ceramics, quartz glass, rubber, etc.

Semiconductor: Doesn't pass electricity, but passes electricity under certain conditions. Silicon, germanium, carbon etc.

・The resistance of semiconductors decreases rapidly when the temperature rises. On the other hand, the resistance of a good conductor such as metal increases as the temperature rises. That is, the semiconductor has a negative temperature characteristic and the metal has a positive temperature characteristic.
Semiconductors react strongly by the addition of impurities and external energy such as light and heat, and the internal resistance changes significantly.